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Лекция 2
Лекция 2
Группировка
– объединение единиц совокупности группы по какому-либо варьирующемуся
признаку. (по группировочному признаку).
1) Качественное понятие - атрибутивный признак.
(Распределение населения по полу).
2) Количественный признак. С помощью метода группировок
решаются три основные задачи: 1) Выявление социально-экономических типов
(типологические группировки).
2) Изучение структуры явлений. (Структурные группировки).
3) Выявление взаимосвязей между явлениями общественной
жизни. (Аналитические группировки).
Среднегодовая численность занятых в экономике
по формам собственности.
|
1992
|
1998
|
2003
|
Всего занято
|
72071
|
63812
|
65260
|
1) Государственная, муниципальная собственность
|
49660
|
24295
|
24015
|
2) Частная собственность
|
14053
|
27595
|
33814
|
3) Собственность общественных и религиозных организаций
|
583
|
445
|
490
|
4) Смешанная Российская
|
7580
|
10473
|
4918
|
5) Иностранная собственность
|
195
|
1004
|
2023
|
Структурная.
Перепись 2002 г. – 145165 тыс. чел. - 100%
Городское население 106429 - 73%
Сельские жители 38738 - 27%
Аналитические группировки
Объект наблюдения: рабочие
Единица наблюдения: 1 рабочий
Цель исследования: установить, существует ли
зависимость между стажем работы и выполнением норм выработки.
Проведено статистическое исследование, в
результате которого получена следующая информация:
Номер рабочего
|
Стаж, лет
|
%
|
1
|
1,0
|
96,1
|
2
|
6,8
|
103,2
|
3
|
9,4
|
108,8
|
4
|
4,6
|
103,4
|
5
|
|
106,1
|
6
|
2,6
|
101,0
|
7
|
2,6
|
101,0
|
8
|
16,0
|
113,4
|
9
|
14,1
|
110,3
|
10
|
11,1
|
107,9
|
11
|
12,2
|
109,1
|
12
|
10,6
|
108,0
|
13
|
9,2
|
107,2
|
14
|
5,3
|
105,8
|
15
|
6,3
|
103,1
|
16
|
10,4
|
109,4
|
17
|
5,4
|
102,5
|
18
|
7,5
|
105,8
|
19
|
8,2
|
106,6
|
20
|
8,6
|
106,4
|
В основу аналитической группировки кладется
факторный признак.
Для выявления зависимости
проведем группировку разбив рабочих по стажу на групп с разными интервалом: I = Xmax
– Xmin/n
I – величина интервала при группировке с равными
интервалами.
Хмах, Хmin – это максимальное и
минимальное значения факторного признака.
n – число групп.
I = 16 -1/5=3
№ группы
|
Стаж, лет
|
№ рабочего
|
Число рабочих
|
Стаж, суммарное по
группе, лет
|
В среднем на 1
рабочего, лет
|
1
|
1-4
|
1,6,7
|
3
|
6,2
|
2,1
|
2
|
4-7
|
2,5,4,14,15,17
|
6
|
34,5
|
5,8
|
3
|
7-10
|
3,13,18,19,20
|
5
|
42,9
|
8,6
|
4
|
10-13
|
10,11,12,16
|
4
|
44,3
|
11,1
|
5
|
13-16
|
8,9
|
2
|
30,1
|
15,1
|
Итого
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
Выполнение норм, %
|
Суммарная по группе
|
Средняя на группу
|
289,1
|
99,4
|
623,5
|
103,9
|
534,8
|
107,0
|
434,4
|
108, 6
|
223,7
|
111,9
|
Вывод: на
анализируемом предприятии за анализируемый период времени наблюдалась прямая
зависимость: с ростом стажа рабочего увеличивается норма выработки рабочего.
Перегруппировка. Количественная группировка.
Имеются данные по
двум отраслям:
Первая отрасль
|
II отрасль,
удельный вес, %
|
II
предприятие
|
I отрасль,
удельный вес, %
|
Стоимость предприятия, млн. у.е.
|
Удельный вес предприятия
|
|
Стоимость предприятия, млн. у.е.
|
Удельный вес предприятия
|
|
до 20
|
10
|
5
|
до 20
|
5
|
10
|
20-22
|
10
|
8
|
20-25
|
20
|
30
|
22-25
|
20
|
12
|
25-35
|
40
|
41
|
25-30
|
30
|
20
|
35-40
|
25
|
11
|
30-40
|
22
|
45
|
св. 40
|
10
|
8
|
св. 40
|
8
|
10
|
|
|
|
Итого
|
100
|
|
|
100
|
|
Приведем перегруппировку I отрасли, взяв за основу распределение предприятий второй
отрасли.
Проведем перегруппировку предприятий второй
отрасли, взяв за основу предприятия первой отрасли.
Ко вторичной группировке мы переходим,
когда нет информации о каждой единицы наблюдения, необходимо образовать новые
группировочные данные не обращаясь к первичной группировке.
Комбинированные группировки
Часто в основе группировки лежит не один
признак, а два и более, взятых в комбинации.
Пол
|
Возрастные группы
|
М
|
до 20
20-40
св. 40
|
Ж
|
до 20
20-40
св. 40
|
|
|
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